Rare earth elements as new materials, new technology revolution strategic resource in the original mantle and ultra-basic rocks in the content of little, easy to integrate with industrial significance of the rich deposits of rare earth. Evolution in the crust and the formation of granite, carbonate rocks, rocks in the alkaline rocks are enriched in large, often with industrial significance of the formation of large - very large deposits. China is located in the Eurasian Plate, the Pacific plate and South Asia (India), the role of the middle zone of plate tectonics, tectonic activity along the plate edge of the rift within the band or board, composed of continental crust material and there were several of melting, differentiation, migration, the rich set, which causes the formation of multiple types of rare earth deposits.
rare earth resources in China is the world's richest countries, the country has 22 provinces (regions) have found a number of rare earth deposits, mainly in Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Shandong and other places.
Professor Ding Daoheng discovered since 1927 for mining in 1934, Professor He Zuolin that contains rare earth minerals for mining, the Chinese scientists continue to explore the geological and tectonic evolution of China summary, the characteristics of the development of the use and creation of new metallogenic theory, the country discovered and proved a number of important rare earth deposits. 50 in the early 20th century, discovered and proved very large Bayan Obo Nb-REE deposit of iron, found in the mid-20th century, 60 in Jiangxi, Guangdong and other places of weathering product type (adsorption type) rare earth deposit, discovered in the early 20th century, Shandong Micro-70 Hill rare-earth deposit, discovered in the mid 20th century, 80 Sichuan Liangshan These findings and the results of geological exploration and development of rare earth industry in China provides the most reliable resource to ensure that, while rare earth resources in China have concluded a good mineralization conditions, wide distribution, genesis of many types, resource potential, content of valuable elements high utilization and large value of the most basic features.
rare earth deposits in China with a wide geographical distribution, characteristics and relatively concentrated. So far, geologists have been more than two thirds of the provinces in the country (regions) found that thousands of deposits at the mine sites and mineral origin, in addition to the Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia, southern Jiangxi, Guangdong, northern Guangdong, Sichuan Liangshan as concentrated outside of Rare Earth Resources, Shandong, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hubei, Henan, Shanxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Xinjiang and other provinces have found that rare earth deposits, but the concentration of the rich mineral resources than much smaller pool. National 98% of the total rare earth resources, located in Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Shandong and other regions, forming the north, south, east and west of the distribution pattern, and with North Light weight distribution of the South.
age distribution of rare earth resources in China, mainly in the later Proterozoic geological history, and too few ancient REE mineralization period, which activities the development of China the history of the evolution of continental plates. Late Proterozoic in the northern margin of the western part of North China during the formation of the giant Bayan Obo Nb-REE deposit of iron; Early Paleozoic (Cambrian) formation Zhijin other places of large deposits of rare earth phosphate rock; Late Paleozoic granite-type and the formation of alkaline rock-type rare earth deposits; Mesozoic granite and alkaline rock type rare earth deposit is widely distributed in southern China; Cenozoic (Himalayan) with alkaline granite and rare-earth deposits in Britain and the formation of alkaline rocks; Quaternary weathering southern Chinese leaching of rare earth deposits in the formation of product type. Rare earth deposit in China as many times, the length of time the distribution of other countries in the world do not have. However, the enrichment of rare earth resources in the most important period in the Late Proterozoic, and in - the new generation, other times the smaller rare earth deposits in general.
rare earth deposits in China, regardless of their genetic types are, in the structure partition, with the rest of the world, like the rare earth deposits are distributed in the crust of the fold system activity area or transition zone, such as the Qinling fold belt, South China fold belt , Sanjiang fold belt, northern margin of North China plate rift system, such as Sichuan and Yunnan rift system. Plate in the relatively stable north, the Yangtze plate, although there are some areas the distribution of rare earth deposits, but not essential. This rare earth resources, the distribution of a controlled environment and tectonic activities of the development of continental crust,bailey UGG boots, evolution are closely related.
the particularity of the geological structure in China and rare earth, rare metals mineralization in the complexity and diversity, creating a variety of genetic types of rare earth deposits, many scholars in the ore as the main distinguishing characteristics of rock as the basis for the division of genetic type. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences pigeons, Zhong-Xin Yuan researchers will known rare earth deposits in China is divided into three categories, nine sub-class, thirty types, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology, Mr. Zhang Peishan is divided into ten kinds of main types. According to the main geological characteristics of ore, ore-bearing rock deposit scale and industrial nature and significance of the main causes of China's rare earth deposit can be divided into eight types, namely: marine jet stream (overflow) sedimentary (or rare carbonate marine volcanic sedimentary rock type) (Bayan Obo), sedimentary (Zhijin, Kunyang), metamorphic rock type (the Dabie Mountains in Hubei), granite (Weishan, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Wu, Long South, etc.), magmatic carbonate rock type (Temple Pass Hubei, Xinjiang 瓦吉尔塔格, etc.), basic rock type (Mianning, Liaoning, horse, etc.), beach sands (Guangdong, Hainan and Taiwan).
in the rare earth deposits have been found to marine jet stream (overflow) sedimentary, basic rock type, product type granitoid weathering rare earth deposits in China's most industrial significance. Genetic types of rare earth deposits in the world, in addition to uranium-bearing metamorphic conglomerate type of rare earth, rare earth conglomerate uranium, phosphorus and niobium rare earth alkaline earth carbonate rock weathering rarely found in China, other types have been found. Seven provinces in southern China weathering product widespread rare earth deposits, world-class large, REE deposit, only be found in our country, and no other countries and regions have found reports of such deposits.
the geological conditions are favorable, not only the genetic type of rare earth resources in China is complete, and is rich in resources for the world. China's rare earth resources exploration and research and development, began in the 20th century to the early 50s and late 80s that proved a number of important rare earth deposits. According to the department of geological exploration and mine production statistics provided by the end of 2000 the country has proven resources of rare earth (REO) over 100 million tons, long-term forecast of resources is greater than 210 million tons, showing the great potential of China's rare earth resources. China's rare earth resources in the western region is the main distribution area, Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia, only the surface to underground mines within the 200m proved about 100 million tons of rare earth resources, the average with rare earth oxides (REO) 3% ~ 5%, predict the region more than 135 million tons of rare earth resources; weathering product in South China's rare earth mineral resources have been proven as the official figures released 150 million tons, and another survey statistics, seven southern provinces (Jiangxi, Guangdong,UGG boots, Guangxi , Hunan, Yunnan, Fujian, Zhejiang) has proven resources of 8.4 million tons of rare earth to predict long-term resources of 5,000 million tons, that of heavy rare earth resources in South China has great potential. In addition, China Sichuan Liangshan Dechang Mianning and proven within about 250 million tons of rare earth resources in Mianning granite and the south east and west sides forming conditions are favorable, is to find a single bastnaesite The best area is expected to predict more than 5 million tons of rare earth resource perspective.
major addition to the known resources into the mining area has great potential, the eastern Inner Mongolia, China and alkaline granite-related rare earth deposits; of Hubei, Xinjiang, and Nb carbonatite-related rare earth deposits; China Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other organizations with the same type of gold-containing rare earth phosphate rock deposits Dengjun great resource potential. Favorable ore-forming conditions, abundant resources, the development and utilization of rare earth material to provide the most basic conditions.
mineralization in rare-earth deposits in the complexity and diversity, often with a variety of valuable elements or minerals symbiosis, the symbiotic form of great value comprehensive utilization of deposits, such as iron, niobium, rare earth deposits, niobium, rare earth deposits in carbonate rocks, containing rare earth phosphate rock deposits, including deposits of rare earth alkali granite, conglomerate-type uranium deposits such as rare earth, and as a single rare earth deposits are seen much. China has found an important rare earth deposits, often with a variety of metallic or non-metallic mineral paragenesis, high content of useful components, utilization of high-value. Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia of iron, niobium, rare earth deposits, iron, niobium, rare earth huge foreign reserves, and rich in titanium, thorium, manganese, gold, fluorine, phosphorus, potassium, etc., with a high utilization value. Mining the vast amounts of dolomite with rare earth (Ca> 20%, MgO> 12%, RE2O3> 3%, Nb2O5> 0.05%),UGG bailey button, through scientific testing, can be made of steel with rare earth Ca-Si-Mg (Nb) alloy, The development has a good prospect. White mining resources are very rich in niobium, has proven reserves of 2.18 million tonnes, resources, vision over 6 million tons, the amount of resources in terms of niobium deposits in the world the most, so white mining resources in research and development use of niobium is very important. Mines Baiyun with K2O> 12% of the K-rich slate, a huge amount of resources, has proven reserves of 240 million tons, resources, vision more than 400 million tons, the test can be made of potassium chloride, potassium carbonate, zeolite, white carbon black product, the process basically reached no waste water, waste slag, waste gas of the In addition, fluoride ore mines Baiyun, phosphorus, titanium, thorium and other resources, a large amount of potential utilization value. Although rare earth mine in Sichuan Liangshan region as a single Bastnaesite deposits, in addition to the main elements of earth, but also associated with a large number of fluorite, barite and other industrial minerals, and Pb, Mo, Bi, Ag and other elements can be utilization. Many rare earth deposits in China are rare earth, niobium, rare earth, iron, rare earth, phosphate, rare earth, rare and other symbiotic deposits and reserves are large, high content of useful components, the main element in the exploitation of recycling the same time associated with them useful elements, considerable economic benefit.
huge world reserves of rare earth resources, in addition to the proven resources of the first world, but Australia, Russia, the United States, Brazil, Canada, and India is also rich in rare earth resources in recent years, also found in Vietnam large rare-earth deposits. In addition, South Africa, Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, North Korea, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Norway, Greenland, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi, Madagascar, Mozambique, Egypt and other countries and regions also found a certain scale rare earth deposits. The world's rare earth resources in the country mainly in the number of large - very large rare earth deposits in the discovery and development is the main source of the world's rare earth resources. Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia of iron, niobium, rare earth deposit, Sichuan, China Mianning Great Arizona east and west coasts of monazite sand deposits; U.S. Mountain Pass carbonatite Dayton bastnasite deposit; Baxi A wax summer camp Tesla estimates even weathering crust of carbonate deposits of rare earth; 俄罗斯托姆 Leo carbonate rock weathering shells of rare earth deposit, Hibbing phosphate rock REE deposit Xia; Viet Nam Mao plug carbonate REE deposit, with its rare earth resources, volume of 100 million metric tons, and some reach thousands of tons, the individual more than 100 million tons, constitutes the world's rare earth resources subject. According to statistics, China's rare earth resources in the 70s from the 20th century accounted for 74% of the world's total, down to the 80 to 69% to 90 dropped to 45% at the end, mainly Australia, Russia, Canada, Brazil, Vietnam, nearly 20 years in the rare earth resources exploration and research have made significant progress, has found a number of large - very large rare earth deposits, such as Mount Weld in Australia, Russia, Tom Tower, Canada's Sheng Huonuo Lei, Vietnam, Cyprus and other rare earth deposit Mao. China's rare earth resources, but still first in the world, and the great potential of resources, it is reasonable to think that for a long time China's rare earth resources will not change the status of great power.
rare earth resources in China is not only rich in resources but also with the quality of the many advantages of different rare earth deposits have different advantages.
Bayan Obo iron, niobium, rare earth deposits in symbiosis, not only the most rare earth reserves in the world, and the rare earth content and variety of rare earth minerals accounted for 79% light rare earth, samarium, europium than the United States Mount Washington Pa Sri Lanka twice as high rare earth mine, especially cerium, neodymium and other rare earth elements are abundant, an important industrial value. From rare earth oxides of Ce-rich composition clearly reflects the poor yttrium, high enriched samarium, europium, neodymium and so on. One of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium accounted for 97% of the total rare earth oxides, to the highest CeO2, up 48.7%, Ce: La: Nd = 50:30:15. Sm, Eu and easy solutions and more enriched in minerals, its content was 1.25 times bastnaesite for monazite 3 to 4 times, which is rare in other domestic and foreign deposits of rare earth oxides of rare earth composition. Bayan Obo iron rare earth with a large-scale mining, ore, low cost, with the grade rare earth concentrate prices 60% lower than abroad.
In addition, Sichuan Liangshan region low cost, have the resources quality advantage. Weishan, Shandong China rare earth ore, and is a typical deposit bastnaesite La, rare earth elements La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and account for the 98% of total rare earth,cheap UGG boots, rare earth minerals coarse grain size, low content of harmful impurities and rare earth concentrate processing into a single easy-to-separated rare earth elements, also has significant resources to the quality advantage.
southern China Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, and other seven provinces (regions) weathering product type is very rich in heavy rare earth resources, and high grade, type of complete, easy-to-mining. Xunwu, Jiangxi and other places weathering product pattern of rare earth ores Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Tb4O7 Dayton Mountain Pass, respectively, than the United States in high bastnaesite 10 times, 5 times, 12 times and 20 times; the world's resources are mainly Y distributed in China, China Southern and other places in Jiangxi Long xenotime huge reserves (16 million tons), is the industrial reserves of foreign Y 4 times 47 times the United States. Therefore, the weathering product of the South in the heavy rare earth-based resources, regardless of their resources or the form element type and the score of any country in the world are second to none.
geological research of rare earth in the new theories continue to attract foreign technology, while China tectonic evolution based on the law of development and the creation of a summary of the characteristics of rare-earth mineralization his new theory, metallogenic model, Forecast resource perspective, continue to make a breakthrough. Bayan Obo REE deposit discovery of high-temperature hydrothermal mineralization from the special formulation of the theory, to the submarine exhalative mineralization (or rare carbonate marine volcanic-sedimentary mineralization) theory of the establishment, not only contributed to a major breakthrough in the exploration of rare earth resources and simultaneously a new theory of the world rare earth mineralization. Weathering product in South China type (adsorption type) rare-earth deposits in the world that not only enrich the types of rare earth deposits, but also for the world of heavy rare earth resources development and utilization of resources in a reliable guarantee. Himalayan Liangshan region of Sichuan, ideas. China's rare earth resources is an important aspect of geological science is the systematic study of rare earth minerals. So far the world has found more than 170 kinds of rare earth minerals, rare earth minerals for use of about 50 species, and as the main source of RE development and utilization of only a dozen species of rare earth minerals, Bastnaesite, monazite, xenotime such is the main source of ore. Geological scientists in China 80 to 90 years of the 20th century, in the rare earth deposits, mineral system work, has found a large Castle Peak Mine, China cerium strontium ore, β brown yttrium niobium, neodymium yttrium niobium brown ore, ore, etc. Larix number of new minerals, these findings not only enriched the treasure house of world rare earth mineralogy, also reveals the evolution of different types of rare earth deposit history and characteristics of this research and exploration of rare earth resources is undoubtedly very important. To sum up, China is not only the world's rare earth resources, power, and in rare earth resources, quality, variety and availability of, and many areas have a distinct advantage, this advantage for the sustainable development of China's rare earth industry to provide the most basic resources guarantee for China's rare earth stand in the international market dominance to create the conditions, more in the new century, new materials, new technology revolution, laid the material foundation. Proved: the constant of rare earth resources prospecting and mineralization theoretical breakthroughs and innovation that has the world advanced level.
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